Definition
A sea waybill (SWB) is a non-negotiable shipping document that serves as a receipt for goods and evidence of the contract of carriage. Unlike a bill of lading, it is not a document of title — the named consignee can claim the goods without presenting the original.
Why it matters for traders
Sea waybills eliminate the need for document presentation at destination, speeding up cargo release. They are ideal for trusted trading relationships but unsuitable for LC transactions or when payment security is needed.
Sea Waybill vs Bill of Lading
| Sea Waybill | Bill of Lading |
|---|---|
| Non-negotiable | Negotiable (can be transferred) |
| Not a document of title | Is a document of title |
| Consignee claims without original | Original BL required for release |
| Faster cargo release | Slower (document handling required) |
| Not suitable for LCs | Required for most LCs |
Operational example
A German machinery supplier ships equipment to a long-standing buyer in Brazil. Since payment was made in advance and the parties trust each other, they use a sea waybill. The Brazilian buyer collects the goods upon arrival by simply proving identity — no document presentation needed.